3D Cinema  
Anaglyphic Red/cyan glasses (usually cardboard disposable) shown on a Matte White screen. The original 3D system, now largely out of favor.
Dolby Digital 3d Color filter glasses (expensive, multi-use) shown on a  Matte White screen. Very popular system, considered high-quality. 
Imax 3d Polarized filter or LCD shutter glasses shown on a Silver screen. An older format that remains popular. Generally considered inferior to Dolby 3D and RealD.
MasterImage Polarized filter glasses shown on a Silver screen. An early entrant, launched in 2006. A popular format internationally but not widely used in the USA.
RealD Polarized filter glasses (cheap, take-home or disposable) shown on a Silver screen. Very popular system for cinemas worldwide (although not necessarily in any particular country).
XpanD Active-shutter LCD glasses (expensive, multi-use) shown on a Matte White Not as widespread as other formats but reported to be high quality.        

3D TV & Home Theater  
Anaglyphic Red/cyan glasses (usually cardboard disposable) shown Matte White The original 3D system, now largely out of favor.
Active shutter system LCD shutter glasses (fairly expensive) 3D-compatible screen required. The most likely standard for the first generation of 3D televisions and other displays.

3D Without the Glasses
Glasses-free systems are not yet readily available. Although some systems have been produced for larger screens, it is likely that cinemas and home theater systems will continue to rely on glasses for the foreseeable future. Glasses-free systems may soon become available for mobile devices, personal computers and gaming consoles.